Sunday, 31 March 2013

Urban Conservation: Shadows of the Past..

Shadows of the Past

“In the end we will conserve only what we love; we will love only what we understand; and we will understand only what we are taught” - Baba Dioum

Everything about me is reduced, discolored, broken, beaten and bruised.
I am not the strong, confident, pillar of strength I was in the past.
The youth that once flowed deep within me, warming my soul, I forever gone, like a feather blowing in the wind, moving more swiftly than I my dwindling reflexes an bare.
No vacancy, No vending, No soliciting, No trespassing
So many rules to follow, yet I am too weak to care, too frail to raise protest, too fearful, too timid, too intimidated to state my true feelings.
You have no idea what I once was, you can’t act like you understand because you cannot possibly conceptualize how great I once stood.
You stupid child, telling me what to do, where to go, how to live my life!
It is you who have made me this way, you have ruined me by remaining impartial, indifferent, and unconcerned with the pile of waste I have become.
No one to hear my stories, no one to know my history, no one to care about my experiences, no one to learn from my past transgressions.
                                      My life is reduced to speculation, opinion, inference, suggestion.
For God’s sake get these plastic bandages off of me!
 Can’t you see they’re bruising me, discoloring what was once a clean, smooth surface?
Itchy leaves, scratching all over…
No room to breathe in this compound, any hope I had of fresh air has been boarded up with these flimsy pieces of wood...My lungs are burning in desperation
Bone on bone, grinding away at the joints, bucking under the weight of what little bodyweight I still have…
Gates forever closed, paint forever pealing and fading and chipping away.
 Not much different from my soul,
At least now my outsides are consistent with my insides….

(i)            I took this picture while by brother was driving backward along the Queen’s Park Savannah (sorry for any lives we may have endangered that day). This building is one of Trinidad’s Magnificent Seven, the Mille Fleurs building…sound’s grand doesn’t it? Well here it is for you…in all its…magnificence?

the Mille Fleurs: Past vs. Present




I want to talk today about ‘conserving urban landscapes’. Hall and Barrett in their book Urban Geography talks about this in Ch. 6. Now, at first glance I thought exactly what any weary student like myself would think: “Not another reading about saving the goddamned environment!!!”  (of course all I read was the word ‘conserving’)




Now, please don’t be confused, I know I’m doing geography but there’s only so much I can read about conserving the environment...And I guess it’s that kind of attitude that has the world in the quandary it’s in today....but alas, that is a different topic for a different day.

(ii)               For now I’ll start with a brief explanation about what the idea of conserving urban landscapes. According to Hall and Barrett, conserving the past has been a long intellectual tradition, involving the desire to preserve particular monuments and buildings within a country. I talked before in a previous post about the idea of planned cities and the fact that it assumed rationality, predictability and in sum squashed all human essence of the urban. This topic is also from the same chapter, and I find it extremely interesting as it advocates for the complete opposite. Urban conservation aims at preserving those same irrational, emotion-driven and human aspects of an urban landscape that planned cities aimed at toppling and simply rebuilding in a more ordered way.



Now, if you’re a frequent reader, you’ll know I’m quite passionate when it comes to preserving personal identity, culture and the importance of distinguishing those innate, and indigenous elements of an area against foreign inevitable intrusions. Hall and Barrett also write passionately about justification for conserving buildings within a city, core to its identity. They speak of intellectual, psychological and financial rationales for conservation efforts:

Tradition
Description


Intellectual Tradition
The idea that buildings should be retained for their artistic, architectural or historical qualities and therefore for the role which these buildings serve in illuminating the cultural elements of a society.



Psychological Tradition
Linked to the reactions to the increasing pace and scale of urban change. Here, loss of urban environments through redevelopment leads to ‘future shock’ (Toffler 1970) where residents feel a sense of dislocation from the urban.


Financial Tradition
The idea that urban conservation activities can have economic benefits stemming from using conserved buildings in contemporary development.


It is important to note however, especially in terms of the financial tradition that urban conservation efforts can be seen in light of the financial burden they may cause a city. Much has been written about the burdens associated with building conservation. For example, the cost of maintaining buildings, use of specialized building materials and expertise and replacing outdated structures and foundations can be seen as a bother to a fast pace and dynamically changing modern city. One example of the bother of conserving buildings is the Queen’s Royal College in Port of Spain, also one of the Magnificent Seven buildings. The project was contracted to Kee Chanona Ltd for $34.5 million and restoration work began in January 2007. It is now 2013 and If I recall the project took about 3-4 years to complete entirely. I will say now however, that the building is absolutely beautiful. The question remains however, which is more profitable? Was rebuilding the QRC worth it? or should they have just scrapped it and built a new school with modern architectural designs.

Renovated: Queen's Royal College

 In my opinion, our sense of place, our culture, our heritage matters more. I feel like in such a fast-pace world, full of wealth and prosperity we are far too eager to forget the past, forget our history and simply move on toward a brighter future.  How can we have future generations that know nothing about the stories out cities have to tell? Stories of struggle, of freedom, stories of pain and sorrow, of joy and hope. We much appreciate our past…we must fight to protect it and conserve it no matter what cost. There are so many buildings in Trinidad that have such rich history, but a laid waste against a backdrop of modernized structures.

 Four surviving buildings from before WWII in Warsaw, Poland.
 A prime example of how easily people opt to destroy culturally saturated monuments.
Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/01/31/plans-to-destroy-prewar-building-in-former-warsaw-ghetto-set-off-struggle-to/#ixzz2P9NYkUKh

On a final note I implore you, see the value in the old, the vintage, the antique…not only buildings, but the elderly. We live in an individualistic society, a Western-influenced society, quick to push aside those who are of no use to us. We stand alone, look out for ourselves. But this attitude will get us nowhere. If we damage and mistreat, if we forget where who our ancestors are, what they fought for, how can we ever hope to move forward.

Appreciate your past…or be lost to a sad and meaningless life, a lack of identity and no place to call home…your past is your future, look to it or lose it.

Legislation according to the Government of India, Archaeological Survey http://www.asiguwahaticircle.gov.in/legislations.html

(iii)               A few links to take a look at:

-          An article from the Guardian Newspaper talking about the conservation of buildings like the Mille Fleurs.

-          The website for the ‘Citizens for Conservation, Trinidad and Tobago’, a local conservation activist group

-          Another article from the Guardian Newspaper about restoration work being done on the President’s House


Monday, 25 March 2013

Experiencing the City...what our senses tell us


Collage: Traffic by the Grand Bazaar Flyover (top left), a blur of passers by on the Brian Lara Promenade (bottom left), the huge advertising screen on top of KFC near the Brian Lara Promenade (right)

‘The richly varied places of the world…are rapidly being obliterated under a meaningless pattern of buildings, monotonous and chaotic’ - C.W. Moore

Everywhere I go the
same places, the same
faces, the same buildings, the same problems.
Street signs, repetitive designs,
all melding together into one
monochromatic blur.
I feel nothing, toward to city,
No emotion, even less consideration
toward the notion that this is my city.
In and out.
Cars move
in and out and up and down
streets.
People move in and out and up and down streets,
and buildings.
No one looks around, no one to stop
to look and listen,
and FEEL.
So many people, so much diversity
yet…the production and reproduction of
a city consisting of shades of grey,
furthermore dulled
by superficial relationships compounded by inauthentic places,
a flat, monotonous, commercialized urban space.

one giant 'suburbia', where everything is the same...

(i)                  The city is not just buildings and roads. It is not simply physical, material, tangible. Rather the city is what we FEEL…what we SMELL…what we TASTE…and what we SEE. The city is a mixture of emotion…love, anger, sadness, happiness, frustration, amazement. The city is a beautiful and magical place to some, while to others it’s a dark, lonely pit. Why is this? How can the same city be represented with such opposite features? The role of our senses, our bodies, our perceptions should not be taken for granted as we deconstruct that which is urban. So far in my previous blog entries I have looked at the city as an accumulation of physical features. This entry I will attempt to take it a bit further, to dive into the realm of an aspect of cities that I feel is not accounted for in the physical planning of urban areas…Emotional relationships between person and place…let see if you all can keep up with my psychological mumbo-jumbo…



Really I’d like to jump right into some academic analysis on everyday life in cities, and what it means to value landscapes….but I was particularly glad when I read this chapter, as doing a double major in Geography and Psychology; I finally got a change to say to all those people shooting me judgmental looks when they hear of my degree choice, “See!! They do go together!!” (In this one tiny chapter of this one random book haha).

(ii)                That being said, the focus of this week’s entry is a picture collage displayed above made up of fragments of photographs which I hope will portray the idea of “Experiencing the city” which Hall and Barrett in their book ‘Urban Geography’ talk about in Ch. 10.

They cite Edward Relph in this chapter, and his critique of urban landscapes, which I found quite exhilarating. Relph argues that ‘the modern urban world is becoming increasingly characterized by inauthentic places and superficial relationships between people and place’. With increasing globalization (note his point of view is strictly anti-globalization), Relph argues that growing mobility, travel, the centralization of planning and increasing commercialization of urban landscapes added to the serial reproduction of architectural designs is contributing toward the erosion of the deep emotional attachments between people and place.

‘We appear to be forsaking nodal points for a thinly-spread coast-to-coast continuity of people, food, power, and entertainment; a universal wasteland … a chromium-plated chaos’- Gordon Cullen

'Media-scapes' : the look of globalization,
 a universal wastelend of food, power and entertainment... 
Now on a side note, for those who have been keeping up to date with my blog entries, the same factors Relph notes above are some of the things I critiqued (quite harshly at times) in my previous posts…this got me thinking as to whether I was (maybe a little) anti-globalization…while this is quite a controversial stance (and I am neither going to agree nor disagree as to my my affiliation with this point of view) I feel that we need to start coming to terms with the possibility that the ‘globalization’ we learn about in primary and secondary school isn’t the ‘fairy-land-fantasy’ that it’s made out to be…the fact is not everyone benefits from increased capitalism, liberalized trade and from my point of view this ‘global village’ everyone paints in bright, pretty colours is quite frankly a ‘dog-eat-dog’ world, plagued with inequality, poverty, injustice, abuse, neglect and the list goes on and on…

Globalization,
a dictatorship if I ever saw one...
"Capitalism is a thug's economy, a heartless economy, a base and vile and largely boring economy. It is the antithesis of human fulfillment and development. It mocks equity and justice. It enshrines greed…" - Michael Albert

Now, back on track then…in terms of our senses and the city, not a lot of work has been done within Urban Geography studies on the role of these senses in understanding the environment. In my opinion (and I say this with little intention to offend) this lack of academic attention paid to the role of the senses is due in part to the entire world of achedemia being obsessed with the idea of quantitative analysis and positivist tendencies. Us, social sciences try so hard to keep our discipline in the hard-sciences category that we overlook the very characteristic that makes us ‘social’- people, emotions, perceptions…irrational, illogical human behavior. Thank the universe that someone came up with ‘environmental psychology’ and the idea of (god forbid) cross-disciplinary research which incorporated concepts from behavioral geography and cognitive psychology.

The many facets that constitute the Environmental-Behavior, the Space-Body relationship 

Thankfully after all this who-ha, studies were in fact conducted in an attempt to understand information processing through our senses as it related to cities. And now we’re back to square one…experiencing the city

 The point I’m trying to make is that what we feel toward our city, the perception we have of our urban spaces is a vital part of understanding the ‘urban’. Vagrants, businessmen, the disabled, minorities and marginalized groups all have different stories to tell of their experiences within the city. Did the city embrace them with open arms? Did the city exclude them, damning them to a cold and splintered reality? What does out city form say about our attitudes toward people, toward outsiders? I spoke in previous posts about our city not being reflective of the ‘local’. Does this too not constitute our experience of the city?

What is your perception of urban landscape??
 Lastly, I just want to touch on work done by Valentine (2001) and a host of researchers before him on the body. This research moves beyond sensory perception and looks at the ways that bodily abilities differ between individuals, on a social level. Hall and Barrett describe the body as ‘providing a bridge between the biological and the social, the private and the public’. What an amazing dimension of analysis! In studying psychology I’m so preoccupied with the mind and individual differences in the behaviors of people, who would have thought to analyze the physical body as a psychological and geographical dual-process of experience!?

"the body as the bridge between the biological and the social, the public and the private..."
 In this way, they talk bout they city acting on the body in social contexts. They mention the pressure on bodies to conform to the ‘ideal’ or the ‘appropriate’ and the effects of authority, security, signs, advertisement, and building structures on reinforcing these elements. Imagine yourself in a city that didn’t cater for your personality, or your physical characteristics, or your circumstances…imagine your experience of that city…

(iii)               Okay…that was quite long, I know..so as usually just a few things to look at in case you want to read up or research some more:

-          Two websites from the University of Central Lancashire’s website, an interesting read and some of the quotes used came from it:

-          A short video showing people in cities…a lot of visual representations, what about the other senses? What do you taste, smell, feel?

-          Interesting experience of the city:

Wednesday, 20 March 2013

Port of Spain's Skyline, a look at our priorities...


“The Islands have a license to be Magical”- Peter Minshal

the Port of Spain Skyline from the Lady Young Road, Trinidad

Who are we?
Who are we as a people?
as a nation…as a city?
Out of focus,
out of touch,
out of our minds to think
that we can be all we can be,
when who we are is
blocked and blurred
and distorted…
constricted, restricted and stifled by
our own false imaginings,
by our incessant need,
that nagging voice in our minds telling us,
pushing us, stopping us from
realizing our own ability, from
acknowledging the beauty that is
Trinidadian, Tobagonian…
Caribbean.

(i)                  I took this picture randomly and didn’t think I’d ever get to use is, because it really is terrible…no real focus, too far to really see the city, tons of grass blocking the view… (It wasn’t a good day). However thanks to Picasa editing J I managed to make it into something I could use…

What do you see? What DON’T you see?

I want you to do something for me…for everyone who has been to or know of Port of Spain: tell me the first visual image you think about when you hear the words “Port of Spain”…GO!  

Don’t worry; it’s completely natural if your answers were along the lines of Hyatt or NAPA…I asked many people this same question…and almost all hinted to the yellow and blue glory that is the Hyatt Regency Hotel.

Not one person said the Twin Towers…or the Queen’s Park Savannah…or the Jean Pierre Complex…or the local paintings put up around the city…or anything even remotely representative of Trinidadian culture.

When did our city become identifiable by foreign landmarks? Where has our identity gone? With the manifestation of development in the form of skyscrapers, highways and foreign franchises, I can’t help but feel like Port of Spain should be renamed “Simon-Says-City”. I mean if we’re going to copy everything everyone else does it makes no sense having a name we still identify with…

(ii)                Hall and Barrett in their book Urban Geography talk about architecture in their 8th chapter. They note Sklair (2005): “while iconic buildings have long been used by urban elites to symbolize power and generate surplus value from place, their current manifestation is seen as linked to the emergence of a transnational capitalist class who has become the new drivers of the production and representation of architectural icons”.

They describe architecture in the postmodern era to be intricately linked to economic and political agendas and dynamics within a city. What does the architectural structure of Port of Spain’s skyline tell you about the power play within the city? The hidden Twin Towers versus the massive spectacle of Hyatt Regency on the water front? Trinidad’s Urban Development Corporation (UDeCOTT) describes the Hyatt as “a beacon in the nation's capital”. What can the Twin Towers be described as? I feel like we’re so willing to find new, exotic ways to develop the city based on foreign ideals that we’re forgetting what we have, and what of our own can still be developed. Does development demand the shift away from the local? If so, can this really be seen as development…

The Port of Spain Skyline
...what is the focus of architectural change??
The Twin Towers peeking out from behind the Hyatt Regency Hotel
Note the caption "Amazing Trinidad Vacations"
Trinidad Vacations..and they show the Hyatt...with a sliver of the Twin Towers

Hall and Barrett allude to in Ch. 9: Images of the City, that in terms of the representation of cities, often times may physically change in form and 'look' to portray a more appealing side or elicit different emotions from viewers.

Harvey (1988) notes that “the enhancement of urban image and the associated physical transformation of many city centre landscapes through urban planning and regeneration projects, have been labeling the ‘carnival mask’ of the late capitalist urbanization, the criticism being that while such city images create the impression of regeneration, change and vibrancy they do little, if anything to address underlying social and economic change that necessitated regeneration in the first place…”

I find this quote quite important and thought provoking in that it really strikes at the façade put on by cities. Governments talk about development of the city, development of the infrastructure, of the buildings, of the ‘look’ of the city…what about the internals of the city? The people, the relations, the conflicts, the power dynamics….is water front development and national art academies helping in this sense? In my opinion all these projects are doing in further segregating and isolating portions of our society, while in the same breath uplifting the already prosperous sectors.

Port of Spain in my opinions doesn't need a face lift…it needs a priority-check…something to  refocus our sense of self…a reminder of who we are, of where we are, and most importantly where we came from…you want expensive glass and metal and shiny material? Sure, if that’s what it takes to be recognized then so be it, but don’t build a foreign enterprise, or skyscrapers that overshadow everything local. Use that shiny material and enhance what is already ours! Just as the Eiffel Tower is Paris, the Empire State Building is New York and the Big Ben is London…the Twin Towers is Port of Spain. This can only happen though, if we can actually see it amidst the chaos and drama that is the Urban….
The Twin Towers- Trinidad


The Big Ben
The Empire State Building

The Eiffel Tower



This week’s entry is titled with a quote from Peter Minshall, which I got when I attended a lecture he held last week at the UWI, St. Augustine. He said this line so many times in his talk that it was hard to forget. Over and over he said “highways are nice, skyscrapers are amazing…but NOT HERE…leave that for New York”. And I agree…I agree that we need to slow down, we need to take a step back from this obsession, this never ending game of catch-up we “developing nations” love to play…so much so that we lose ourselves, our true identities in the imaginary race to “developed nation status”. Think about it…



Peter Minshall
Dynamic, Mesmerizing, Talented
A Cultural Icon of Trinidad

One of Minshall's first costume designs in Trinidad: The Hummingbird

(iii) Just a few links for you to check out:

1. The UDeCOTT Website for further development plans for Trinidad…How many of those will actually do what they claim in terms of fostering Trinidad’s development (on the inside and on the outside)?
2. A video from a student, recommending a landmark for Columbus,  the capital of Ohio...note                       how the importance of architecture is recognized as being part of a city's identity...


Saturday, 9 March 2013

Trinidad: a nation of Villains and Heroes, Victims and their Tormentors...




“…Then he and I are the same. Each believes himself the hero, the other villain. It is for history to decide who is mistaken…”

Crassus speaks about Spartacus
Spartacus: War of the Damned- Spoils of War (Season 1, Episode 6)

Awoken this morning at 4:00 am by the strangely calm voice of my mother, “Come see the CSI people in their white suites, someone’s been shot in front of our gate…”

Hours earlier I had heard the faint voice of my father in my brother’s room, his tone more alarmed than my mother, only for a second before sleep pulled my mind from conscious awakening…

Somehow, as my body rolled into a deeper state of slumber, the flustered tone of his voice was not enough to jolt me out of sleep…this thought hours later kept me awake, tossing and turning wondering why my body, why my sheltered, premature mind didn't respond to such an obvious sense that something was not right…

At the time my mother woke me, my first instinct was to go back to sleep, selfishly craving the confines of my dreamsbut I got out of bed anyway, washed my face and took a look out of the window that overlooked the front gate…

I looked at the two ‘CSI people’, in their puffy, almost clown-like, white alien suites with flashlights dancing across the blood-stained street, the corpse of a man like any other still warm upon the ground and a musty, dry season breeze, dabbed with hints of smoke from the burning Northern Range that always seemed to cradle within its arms my house, protected, untouched by violence and crime…

One thought crossed my mind, “this is what these people do for a living…”

These people, not clowns or aliens...rather, angels of death appropriately dressed in white, emerging at all hours of the day and night to scrape humans like themselves off the roads of Trinidad and Tobago…humans, who just moments earlier stood as living, breathing beings...with plans, futures, hopes like you and me…

"When will my time come?”
 I whisper into the night as yet again I fall prey to the Sand Man, whisking me off into the safety of my dreams…


(i)                  I took this photograph this morning, after my parents had attempted to scrub the blood off the road, literally in front my gate…what a strange thing to say, what a strange reality. Just days earlier I was telling a friend of mine that I’ve never experienced a crime. Somehow life, full of grace and beauty has steered me clear from misfortune and danger. Now that same blessed guardian that once watched over me taunts my fantasies, “you child, you stupid, naïve little girl, not even you with all your privilege and shelter can escape”. 

Well I’m left without a choice, for the crime that I’ve read about in the new paper, that I’ve seen on the news, that I thought was far removed from my reality has caught up with me. I do not know the man who’s blood is in that photography, I did not see him die, I did not hear the gunshots, but I’ll be damned if I don’t feel some sort or remorse, or fear, or hopelessness and even worse…helplessness. Why do we do this to ourselves?


"Self Inflicted Wounds"

(ii)                In terms of my usual academic references, I will not be using Hall and Barrett’s book, Urban Geography as they do not have a clear-cut section about crime and urban spaces. I will however be touching on the multidisciplinary side of urban geography with reference to the study of crime from a Sociological Perspective.

The text I will be using is a book by Haralambos and Holborn, Sociology: Themes and Perspectives (7th Edition). As in any academic perspective, especially in the social sciences, the various theories of the field are outlined in the first chapter(s) of the book. In this case the idea of Functionalism is of particular interest to me.



According to Haralambos and Holborn, functionalism was made influential by the theorists Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons. Briefly speaking, functionalism sees various parts of society as interrelated and together, forming a complete system. In other words, just as a biologist would examine a part of the body in terms of its contribution to the maintenance of the human organism, the functionalist will examine a part of society (in this case, crime) in the same way.


















 Emile Durkheim (left) and Talcott Parsons (right)

In terms of crime, a functional analysis of deviance begins with society as a whole, and looks for the source of deviance in the nature of society rather than in the individual. Functionalists argue that crime is a necessary part of all societies and, (quite nonchalantly) that it performs positive functions for social systems.  Emile Durkheim sees crime as inevitable and crime as functional.

In terms of the inevitability of crime, Durkheim (1938) emphasizes that because we as humans are different, share different values and are exposed to different circumstances and influences, it impossible for us all to be alike. Therefore in this case, he explains that not everyone will be equally reluctant to break the law.

Durkheim also explains that crime is functional, and only becomes dysfunctional when it is unusually high or low. He argues that all social change (good or bad) starts with some form of deviance and in order for change to occur; yesterday’s deviance must become today’s normality.

In this way I suppose there is a comfort in crime, the idea of social change, the provision of jobs for my white-suited alien friends, a means by which society works out it’s kinks and develops social order…what happens though, when this so-called ‘functional inevitability’ starts to creep into our homes, infect our lives, rape our senses, exhaust our resources?

Quoting from Hall and Barrett in Ch. 9 of their book Urban Geography,
 a chapter so appropriately entitled Experiencing the City:

 “everyday life for the vast majority of people at least, is anchored around places that provide senses of safety, security, identity and belonging. The most obvious of these places are the home and the neighborhood” 
(Relph 1976)

I wonder what percentage of the population of Trinidad and Tobago can truly relate to this statement…



(iii)               The quote I started off with was one from this week’s episode of Spartacus: War of the Damned. The debate of the ‘villain’ that ‘hero’ is one that in my opinion will never be settled. Who in this case is the villain and who is the hero? The one who shot the bullets or the one whose body collected them? Circular, repetitive, redundant…I am ashamed to say that these should be watch words of our nation…as all I see when I look around, when I read about crime in our nation, is a never ending battle of villains turned into heroes, and heroes left to the fate of villains… 



Some songs to listen to, I purposefully chose the lyrics on screen versions: 

Lastly, a general Youtube search: "Crime in Trinidad"...if this is not chaos, what is?